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Endometriosis
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Endometriosis is a painful, chronic disease that affects 5
1/2 million women and girls in the USA and Canada, and millions
more worldwide. It occurs when tissue like that which lines
the uterus (tissue called the endometrium) is found outside
the uterus -- usually in the abdomen on the ovaries, fallopian
tubes, and ligaments that support the uterus; the area between
the vagina and rectum; the outer surface of the uterus; and
the lining of the pelvic cavity. Other sites for these endometrial
growths may include the bladder, bowel, vagina, cervix, vulva,
and in abdominal surgical scars. Less commonly they are found
in the lung, arm, thigh, and other locations.
This misplaced tissue develops into growths or lesions which
respond to the menstrual cycle in the same way that the tissue
of the uterine lining does: each month the tissue builds up,
breaks down, and sheds. Menstrual blood flows from the uterus
and out of the body through the vagina, but the blood and
tissue shed from endometrial growths has no way of leaving
the body. This results in internal bleeding, breakdown of
the blood and tissue from the lesions, and inflammation --
and can cause pain, infertility, scar tissue formation, adhesions,
and bowel problems.
What are the Symptoms of Endometriosis?
- Pain before and during periods
- Pain with sex
- Infertility
- Fatigue
- Painful urination during periods
- Painful bowel movements during periods
- Other Gastrointestinal upsets such as diarrhea, constipation,
nausea.
In addition, many women with endometriosis suffer from:
- Allergies
- Chemical sensitivities
- Frequent yeast infections
Diagnosis is considered uncertain until proven by laparoscopy,
a minor surgical procedure done under anesthesia. A laparoscopy
usually shows the location, size, and extent of the growths.
This helps the doctor and patient make better treatment choices.
What Causes Endometriosis?
The cause of endometriosis is unknown. The retrograde menstruation
theory (transtubal migration theory) suggests that during
menstruation some of the menstrual tissue backs up through
the fallopian tubes, implants in the abdomen, and grows. Some
experts believe that all women experience some menstrual tissue
backup and that an immune system problem or a hormonal problem
allows this tissue to grow in the women who develop endometriosis.
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